What type of characterization is used when the audience learns about a character based on the character's appearance, dialogue, actions, and private thoughts? A) direct characterization
B) indirect characterization

- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."

i believe it may be the hope this sorry if i'm wrong.

8. b

9. d

10. e

11. a

12. c

i think thats it