Single word or nounphrase that replaces a dependent clause is called

A pronoun stands in the place of a noun. Like nouns, pronouns can serve as the subject or object of a sentence: they are the things sentences are about. Pronouns include words like he, she, and I, but they also include words like this, that, which, who, anybody, and everyone. ... This noun is called the antecedent.

c. explains words’ origins and variations.

in   ¨and yet the books¨   by czelaw miloz the tone is positive since it tells us that when we touch a book, it starts to live and the perspective is in the third person and turns once into the first person. in "the rhinoceros" by eugene ionesco the tone is illogical and absurd   and the perspective is in the third person since it is a play.