Read the sample student claim and the reasons listed for making this claim. Claim: Although many people argue that medical testing on animals is a violation of animal rights, the benefits it yields for society far outweigh any argument that can be made. Reason #1: Animal research has yielded both pain-relieving and life-saving drugs for humans. Reason #2: Laws prohibit scientists from using animal-based research in cases where non-animal testing would produce equally clear and valid results. Which piece of evidence would best support reason #1? The history of using animals for research extends as far back as 322 BCE, when early Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle and Erasistratus, performed various experiments on living animals. Animal research played an essential role in the development of Herceptin and Tamoxifen, two medications that have already saved the lives of thousands of women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. Even those who believe in testing on animals when it is necessary for vital medical research practice what is known as “the 3 Rs”—reduction, refinement, and replacement—to reduce the number of animals used for testing. Biologists believe that chimpanzees share at least 98.4 percent of the same DNA as humans and gorillas share at least 97 percent, making primates a popular and likely choice for the testing of products intended for humans.

a low four-wheeled open carriage of a kind formerly used in russia.

participle: dressed; modifies: bride.

"character is what you are in the dark." dwight lyman moody, in this very witty quotation of his, states we act and think differently when we are "in the dark", that is, when the spotlight is not on us and everyone can see us and consequently judge us. when reading, we tend to be sympathetic to some characters and their dilemmas. by being so, we are saying to ourselves that we agree with those characters' acts and choices, even if they are morally questionable if we have common sense in mind. dwight lyman moody's quotation applies very well to "crime and punishment", by   19th century russian writer fiodor dostoyevsky. raskolnikov, the main character, a former law student who spends his days reflecting upon life and its misery, draws a fatal conclusion: mankind is divided in two main categories: ordinary and extraordinary people. the first are the ones who lead a run-of-the-mill existence and are full of imperfections; the latter are the ones who are spiritually superior, the ones who always know better, and have the right to judge the ordinary ones, as well as eliminate them if for common good. raskolnikov considers himself as belonging to the extraordinary category and decides to kill an old lady who is a money lender and in whose house he rents a small room. raskolnikov compares himself to napoleon, who had the undeniable right to execute tons of people during the war in order to save his nation. of course what the main character decides to do is a horrendous crime, but as readers we feel it is the right thing for him to do, since the victim is a mean old woman who only thinks about money and keeps humiliating her younger sister. what one experiences is a mixture of sympathy and empathy for the character, even though he decides to commit homicide, which is not at all accepted or tolerated by civilized citizens. however, since readers are "in the dark", they allow themselves to feel in ways they would probably never dare to confess to anyone, no matter how nasty or vicious a character can be. after all, they are just reading and doing no harm. in other words, readers are in the dark and can be who they are without being judged.

her eyes water as she let her go

her mothers hand goes limp

face white and pale

lips blue and stale

she is gone

sadness fills her body

she collapses to her knees

as her mothers disease leaves the girl alone