The following statement appears in a university's report to its board of regents: "Several other notable universities, including Stanford and Harvard, are offering massive, open online classes, or MOOCs. It is imperative for Old State University to keep pace in the educational marketplace." What type of reasoning does the passage display? a arguing from ignorance
b. arguing from authority
c. post hoc reasoning
d. circular argument

b. arguing from authority

Explanation: Arguing from authority simply regers to a form of argument which stage or builds it's evidence or reason for an action on the basis that some top or leading figures support such policies, hencex they need to follow suite. In the scenario above, the evidence, bais or reason put forward on why Old state university need to provide massive open online courses is due to the fact that leading universities such as Stanford and Harvard who are regarded as being prestigious are offering the same. Hence the primary evidence cited is from the view or footprint if universities which are deemed as superior.

a,b,d are the three sentences that use a reflexive pronoun

in the sonnet 116 written by william shakespeare we can analyze the symbolism and say that he reuses the idea of love like a guiding star for the sailor.

reading through the poem we find out that in the line 7 there is a metaphor for the lover that is heading through the life events by love itself .