How did the withdrawal of federal troops from the South after Reconstruction change what Alexander calls the “racial equilibrium”?

This device blocks an opening along the base/floor of stairs or other walking or working surfaces where materials or body parts might otherwise inadvertently fall through. it should be 4 inches high, with not more than ¼ inch clearance above the floor

Compare: what are the similarities and differences between "artificial flavors" and "natural flavors"? why does schlosser explain these two terms in such detail?

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. in four to six sentences, explain how the structure of the first amendment supports equal weight of each freedom it guarantees.