1. What does the author suggest caused the tragedy of Air Florida Flight 90? How does she come to this conclusion?

pilot error and improper de-icing procedures.

Explanation:

In the article, we are told that Air Florida Flight 90 had bad weather prior to taking off, because of the snow it was supposed to undergo de-icing, however, the pilot didn't do so, also he failed to turn on the plane’s own de-icing system.

Thus, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded that pilot error and improper de-icing procedures were the cause of the crash.

im not entirely sure, but i think the answer is listing