What introduces a modifying phrase

Participle Phrases may come after the words they modify or they may be placed at the beginning of a sentence. A dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective clause. Adjective clauses are introduced by words called relatives. Who,whom,which, and that are relative pronouns.

Hoped that helped

The answer is 2) to show the depth of the colonists’ commitment to independence