Is the underlined clause independent or subordinate?

a man whose name was rip van winkle once lived near the catskill mountains.

a.
independent

b.
subordinate

What can the reader infer about the fears and values of the ancient greeks based on this description of the cyclops’s island?

How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the civil war was often carried out by untrained citizens? it enhances the reader’s understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. it changes the reader’s perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. it explains an ordinary person’s motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. it adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.

On a scale 1 to 10 how responsible are you? explain your answer