What theme is developed in BOTH “After Twenty Years” and “Hawk”?

What is meant by “eternally burning black pipes”? what is this implying about the personality of the firemen?

For frederick douglass’s address, “what to the slave is the fourth of july? ” (1852)1) does the speaker use fallacious reasoning or logical fallacies? use evidence from the text to support your answers. 2) how effective is the speaker’s response to counterclaims or alternate claims? use evidence from the text to support your answer

Why did the author of "how to jump-start a car battery" choose to use this image?