What is the central idea of the ptolemy selection? how does ball develop this central idea?

The central idea of the Ptolemy section is that in ancient times, astronomy was based on a flawed theory. This theory stated that Earth was the center of the solar system and the sun and the other planets revolved around it. However, in this section, Ball also praises Ptolemy’s achievements from that era, which came from observations made without telescopes or other basic advances in technology that we take for granted today. Ball develops this section by discussing the limited technology and scientific understanding from Ptolemy’s time. He then discusses how Ptolemy used the belief systems of the time, such as circles being a symbol of perfection, that the world was round, and that the stars shifted across the sky. These beliefs allowed him to formulate his model of planetary motion, which claimed that the planets and sun circled Earth.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

answer: group ii. when the root is a full word except for a final e, the forms usually are spelled with -able.

explanation: the word will be deplorable. -able will be used with the word 'deplore-'. the group ii is when the root is a full word except for a final e, the forms usually are spelled with -able is used for the word deplore- because the word deplore- has 'e' at the end of it.