Read this sentence.

we hiked very cautiously and discovered some incredibly old ruins.

which answer identifies an adjective phrase and the word it modifies?

the adjective phrase very cautiously modifies the word hiked.

the adjective phrase old ruins modifies the word incredibly.

the adjective phrase discovered some incredibly old ruins modifies the word cautiously.

the adjective phrase incredibly old modifies the word ruins.

The correct answer is the final option - The adjective phrase incredibly old modifies the word ruins.

A is not correct because very cautiously is an adverb phrase modifying the verb hiked, and not an adjectival phrase. B is also incorrect because the phrase old ruins is not an adjective phrase, but rather a noun phrase. Option C is incorrect because discovered some incredibly old ruins is a verb phrase rather than an adjective phrase.

This leaves us with option D - the phrase incredibly old is indeed an adjective phrase used to modify, or describe the noun ruins. It tells us what the ruins are like.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)