Ruth is writing an essay about the reasons for changing a folk tale from a dark, grotesque story to a story that is appropriate for children. Which statements best describe the structure Ruth should use? Select two options.

Ruth should use the cause-and-effect structure to show that the darkness of earlier stories caused authors to change them to be appropriate for children.
Ruth should use the problem-solution structure to show why the dark stories are problematic and how changing them solves the problem.
Ruth should use the problem-solution structure to show that the result of the darkness of earlier stories was the trend toward rewriting them for children.
Ruth should give examples of the problems that dark stories can cause for younger audiences and the changes that can solve the problem.
Ruth should describe the effects of dark stories on children and the changes that lessen those effect

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

the answer is b. the tomb is underground and dark, and its opening is covered by a heavy grate.

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