Publishers often add to a text to help readers understand the meaning of old words. context
footnotes
usage guides
current-day translations

What is the first step in summarizing a plot? restating central ideas and key details eliminating minor or unimportant details connecting ideas with logical transitions identifying important words and phrase

Which passage is an example of rising action in edgar allan poe`s "the black cat

Read these excerpts. lincoln's "gettysburg address." it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. whitman's "o captain! my captain! ". exult, o shores, and ring, o bells! but i, with mournful tread, walk the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead. which rhetorical appeal do both excerpts use? logos: the use of logic to convince the audience pathos: the use of emotional appeals to affect the audience’s feelings brevity: writing or speaking that is short, brief, and to the point ethos: the use of authority to persuade the audience to act the right way