Readers can tell that authors are using sarcasm when they state the opposite of what is true.
make ridiculous exaggerations.
state exactly what they think.
describe historical people.

From 1984 by george orwell: discuss the significance and nature of winston's dreams. deconstruct the dream wherein o'brien claims that they "shall meet in a place where there is no darkness" ( 22), and the dream in which winston's mother and sister disappear (26). what are the underpinnings of these dreams? what deeper meanings do they hold? why might the author devote as much time as he does to winston's dreams?

What character trait does penelope demonstrate when she calls for the suitors to hold a contest? what other character has a similar trait? she demonstrates cleverness, like odysseus does when he tricks and overcomes foes. she demonstrates hospitality, like the phaeacians do when odysseus lands on their island. she demonstrates a lack of confidence, like telemachus does when he fails to kick out the suitors. she demonstrates a lack of self control, like odysseus’s men do when they slaughter helios’s cattle.

Which revision of this sentence best uses direct characterization?