Which kind of complement are the words in bold?

the winner of this first place ribbion for science is robin serranos

a. indirect object
b. direct object
c. predicate adjective
d. predicate nominative

At one point in the memoir, the ship strikes a rock and begins to leak. how does diaz del castillo solve this problem? by tossing the fresh water overboard. by forcing the crew to pump out the water flooding by calling for to a portuguese diver. by praying to the almighty.