There are 38 carpenters in a crew. 28 were present on Monday. What percent showed up for work Monday?

74%

Explanation:

x            28

  =    

100          38

38x  =    2800

  x   =   73.68

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).