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Which revision of the sentence most effectively incorporates the literary term characterized?

Which statement from chamberlain's speech to parliament did the least to support his cause? a. "no doubt i shall have plenty of critics who will say that i am guilty of facile optimism . ." b. "the house will remember that when i last addressed them i gave them some account of the godesberg memorandum . ." c. "therefore, it was essential that we should quickly reach a conclusion . ." d. "the relief that our escape from this great peril of war has, i think, everywhere been mingled in this country with a profound feeling of sympathy . ."

What is meant by “eternally burning black pipes”? what is this implying about the personality of the firemen?