3. What is a "non-target" animal?

Explanation:

Species that are incidentally captured while fishing for a target species. In tropical tuna fishing, these generally include minor tuna species (bullet and frigate tunas, Pacific black skipjack, little tunny), other bony fishes (mahi‑mahi, rainbow runner, billfishes), sharks, rays, turtles, etc.

the answer is: round.

in literature, round characters are considerably complex and experience or are subjected to unpleasant situations. as a consequence, they go through crucial sentimental and psychological development, which can cause surprise in the readers. in this case, juan's dramatic transformation is related to the adversities he meets at school.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).