Since she wanted students to take her American literature course, Professor Nguyen-Torres invited freshman for a mock-up lecture when they came to freshman orientation week.
The piece in bold is also an example of a(n)_
infinitive phrase and gerund phrase
adverb clause
none of these
adjective clause
noun clause

first option is correct

can you take a picture of the passage

in the 1890s, southern states enacted a new form of black codes, called “jim crow” laws. these laws made it illegal for blacks and whites to share public facilities. this meant that blacks and whites had to use separate schools, hospitals, libraries, restaurants, hotels, bathrooms, and drinking fountains.

explanation: