What literary or effect did the writer use
in the novel

answer: the first one climax ,the second   is plot

explanation:

- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."

b. both have yearned to escape the environment they experienced as a child.