What specifically is the "chain" being refers to in the Christmas carol

These chains are made of steel and are weighed down with "cash-boxes, keys, padlocks, ledgers, deeds, and heavy purses." ... This chain, then, is symbolic of Marley's business affairs and his pursuit of wealth when he was alive. Like Scrooge, he focused on enriching himself instead of caring about the plight of others.

Explanation:

Scrooge will learn that the chain serves as Marley's punishment. As those things were his only concern in life, Marley must carry them now and forever. Further, Scrooge learns that he himself has already forged a similar chain—but for seven years longer. Marley's appearance warns Scrooge of his potential fate.

- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."

isn't this axel talking to his uncle?