The first time, that you and I differed in Opinion on any material Question; was after your Arrival from Europe; and that point was the French Revolution. (1) You was well persuaded in your own mind that the Nation would succeed in establishing a free Republican Government: I was as well persuaded, in mine, that a project of such a Government, over five and twenty millions people, when four and twenty millions and five hundred thousands of them could neither write nor read: was as unnatural irrational and impracticable; as it would be over the Elephants Lions Tigers Panthers Wolves and Bears in the Royal Menagerie, at Versailles. (2) Napoleon (3) has lately invented a Word, which perfectly expresses my Opinion at that time and ever since. He calls the Project Ideology. And John Randolph, tho he was 14 years ago, as wild an Enthusiast for Equality and Fraternity, as any of them; appears to be now a regenerated Proselite (4) to Napoleons Opinion and mine, that it was all madness.

The Greeks in their Allegorical Style said that the two Ladies [Aristocracy] and [Democracy], always in a quarrel, disturbed every neighbourhood with their brawls. It is a fine Observation of yours that “Whig and Torey belong to Natural History.” Inequalities of Mind and Body are so established by God Almighty in his constitution of Human Nature that no Art or policy can ever plain them down to a Level. I have never read Reasoning more absurd, Sophistry (5) more gross, in proof of the Athanasian Creed, or Transubstantiation, than the subtle labours of Helvetius and Rousseau to demonstrate the natural Equality of Mankind. Jus cuique; the golden rule; do as you would be done by; is all the Equality that can be supported or defended by reason, or reconciled to common Sense.

1. The debate over America’s involvement in France’s revolutionary efforts (1789 - 1799) divided many of the nation’s
Founding Fathers.
2. Versailles was the residence of Louis XVI, the king of France. There, he and much of the nobility lived in excessive
luxury.
3. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to power during the French
Revolution and eventually declared himself the Emperor of France.
4. a person who has converted from one opinion, religion, or party to another
5. the use of false or misleading arguments, especially to deceive

PART A: How do Adams’ opinions on the French Revolution differ from Jefferson’s, according to the letter?

Adams supported Napoleon’s rise to power, whereas Jefferson supported the revolution in France to dethrone him.

Adams thought the French Revolution would not succeed, whereas Jefferson believed in its ideals and success.

Jefferson saw the similarities between the French and American revolutions, whereas Adams thought they were completely different.

Jefferson predicted a peaceful democratic revolution in France, whereas Adams predicted that the aristocracy would remain in power.

Question 2 (2 points)

PART B: Which TWO of the following quotes best support the answer to Part A?

“You was well persuaded in your own mind that the Nation would succeed in establishing a free Republican Government” (Paragraph 2)

“Napoleon has lately invented a Word, which perfectly expresses my Opinion at

that time and ever since.” (Paragraph 2)

“John Randolph... as wild an Enthusiast for Equality and Fraternity, as any of them; appears to be now a regenerated Proselite to Napoleons Opinion and

mine, that it was all madness.” (Paragraph 2)

“the two Ladies [Aristocracy] and [Democracy], always in a quarrel, disturbed every neighbourhood with their brawls.” (Paragraph 3)

“It is a fine Observation of yours that ‘Whig and Torey belong to Natural History.’” (Paragraph 3)

“I have never read Reasoning more absurd, Sophistry more gross... than the subtle labours of Helvetius and Rousseau” (Paragraph 3)