When separating items in a list, a writer should 1. end the list with colon.

2. separate the items with colons.

3. add a comma after the "and" before the last item.

4. add a comma before the "and" before the last item.

During the revising stage in the writing process, the author freely explores topics for further inclusion in the work polishes the writing, fixing minor grammatical errors gets his or her ideas down in roughly the form he or she intends corrects major errors and improves the work's content