What part of speech is a gerund?

Read these passages from when birds get flu and cows go mad by john

Which of the following citations correctly follows mla guidelines? a. tanya somanader. "we are stronger because we aredemocracies': president obama addresses the people ofestonia." the white house blog 3 sept. 2014. print. 4 sept. 2014.b. "we are stronger because we are democracies': presidentobama addresses the people of estonia" by tanya somanader.the white house blog 3 sept. 2014. web. 4 sept. 2014.c. somanader, tanya. "we are stronger because we aredemocracies': president obama addresses the people ofestonia." the white house blog 3 sept. 2014. web. 4 sept. 2014d. somanader, tanya. the white house blog. "we are strongbecause we are democracies: president obama addresses thepeople of estonia." 3 sept. 2014. web. 4 sept. 2014.

In this excerpt from "dover beach" by matthew arnold, which two lines or sets of lines suggest that the speaker has undergone a loss of faith? the sea of faith was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled. but now i only hear its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, retreating, to the breath of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear and naked shingles of the world. ah, love, let us be true to one another! for the world, which seems to lie before us like a land of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor for pain; and we are here as on a darkling plain swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash by night.