Consider the examples in (a)–(c) below. Each set involves a lexeme formation process that takes nouns as base and produces adjectives. On the basis of these examples, compare the three lexeme formation processes in terms of their transparency. Remember that transparency involves both compositionality of meaning and the phonological stability of the base (that is, the base is pronounced the same way in isolation and in the derived word): o -ish
o girlish
• kittenish
• sheepish
• loutish
• babyish

b. –ic
1) cyclic
2) metallic
3) economic
4) totemic
5) organic

c. –al
• herbal
• global
• homicidal
• glacial
• clinical