In which sentence is the word climbing a gerund?

the explorers were climbing up the steeply sloping mountain.

mr. herrera planted climbing ivy on the side of his house.

the children enjoyed climbing on the playground equipment.

The word 'climbing' is a gerund in "The children enjoyed climbing on the playground equipment".

Explanation: A gerund is a non-finite verb form which functions as a noun. Moreover, a gerund can play different syntactic functions in a sentence: it can act as subject, as direct object or as object of the preposition. In the sentence "The children enjoyed climbing on the playground equipment", "climbing" is a gerund since it is functioning as a noun and acting as the direct object. In contrast, in the other two sentences, "climbing" is a present participle.  

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

according to the options stated, the one that is correct is the second option. the author most likely includes the panel to hint at the strong bonds among his family members. besides, the image from art spiegelman’s maus is common to show and portray the innocence and naivete of the children during the holocaust as well as the fact that millions of innocent jews were rounded up and taken by train to camps.