Read the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. If the lineal descendants of Ham are alone to be scripturally enslaved, it is certain that slavery at the south must soon become unscriptural; for thousands are ushered into the world, annually, who, like myself, owe their existence to white fathers.

Which central idea is developed and supported by this passage?

An enslaved person is treated no better than an animal.

Keeping people enslaved makes slaveholders inhuman.

Hypocrisy in religion is used to justify slavery.

Justice for enslaved people is impossible.