Questions 8–17: Identify the problem in each of the following sentences: run-on, fragment, dangling participle, or lack of parallel construction. 8. Her movement was limited in her left shoulder but her right shoulder was not.

9. His ankle was red and swollen. Although he reported no pain.

10. He has been taking an antihistamine, what he really needs is a decongestant.

11. After she finished typing the letter, making the coffee, and filed the reports, Virginia took a break.

12. Henry got up each morning and walked the dog then he sat down and ate some breakfast, read the paper from cover to cover, and then he finally left for work.

13. Because he had never flown on an airplane before.

14. Walking down the street, the Chrysler building glistened in the winter sun.

15. Her greatest passions in life were quilting and to swim.

8. run-on

9. fragment

10. run-on

11. lack of parallel construction

12. run-on

13. fragment

14. dangling participle

15. lack of parallel construction

Explanation:

When independent clauses are joined incorrectly, we have what is called a run-on sentence. There are two types of run-on sentences. A fused sentence is the type that happens when we join the clauses without any sort of punctuation. A comma splice is the type that happens when we join them only with a comma, but no conjunction is used.

A fragment is a group of words that looks like a sentence but lacks something essential to make sense, such as the subject or the verb.

A dangling participle is a modifier that refers to something that is not mentioned in the same sentence and, for that reason, seems to be referring to something else. It causes ambiguity.

Finally, parallelism consists in the repetition of a certain grammatical structure inside a sentence. The purpose of such repetition is to avoid confusion, making the speech clear, interesting, and easy to understand. For instance, if you are listing your hobbies and you use -ing in the first one (drawing), you should use -ing for the others as well.

what he !

b

explanation: