is directly communicated and requires little interpretation. Inference
Explicit meaning
Allegory
Implicit meaning

the first step is to convey the appropriate emotions.

the african society basically suffered the consequences of colonization and apartheid directly attacking the black people, first, during the colonialism and its main idea which which "white people" had better rights, affecting   them principally in the right to establish black people in their territories, access to quality education and health services and took away any civil right even to the black people to feel they have the same opportunities as the settlers.

i think that the quotes in paragraph 11 contribute to the development of ideas because it provides a good reasoning of the central idea of the text.