How to know if a gerund is indirect object or direct object?

Instead of using a common noun like "dog" as the indirect object, we can use a gerund, which functions as a noun. Example: "Charles gave running the marathon his best shot." Here, "his best shot" is the direct object, so "running" is the indirect object and a gerund.

Explanation:

answer: i would say he was very determined and persistent in overcoming obstacles.

explanation:   "the magician of menlo park" as he was called, liked to tell an incident that happened when he was 8 years old and came back home crying after attending school for three months because his teacher called him "sterile and unproductive". from nowadays perspective, we can say that thomas alva edison was one of the most persistent and determined man that has ever existed. when edison was 14, he contracted scarlet fever. the effect of the fever, as well as a blow to the head by an angry train conductor, caused edison to become completely deaf in his left ear, and 80-percent deaf in the other. so as you can see he had to struggle to not so many minor issues but he always succeeded.

b. they require a huge investment of time, dedication ,training, and patience almost from the day they are born.

explanation:

the sentence gives a clear evidence of how carefully the sar dogs are selected and also specify from what time this exercise begins."almost from the day they are are born." this sentence shows as that this exercise begins early.

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