Which ones does he use to inspire people to stand up for what they believe?

answer; i believe the correct answer is ( indirect characterization);

the pronoun reference replaces a noun, but you have to make sure there's no room for confusion.

in the first sentence "her" could be referring to shely or to the sister. the answer there is "shelly called her sister and told her about the new baby."

in the second sentence "it" could be referring to the roof or the floor. the answer there is "since the roof leaks on the family room floor, we need to repair the roof."

the answer is a)   a sentence of death costs the state "almost three times as much as a sentence of life in prison" (delon 147)