What does this quote mean? They created and perpetuated ethnic stereotypes and cordoned off a swath of humanity as “different”

This excerpt is an example of a claim of a. fact b. policy c. value d. definition

In the essay “drowning in dishes,” what is ironic about the fact that danial’s first position in his new job is the dishwashing station?

The greatest gift the sumerians gave the world was the invention of writing. the sumerians were a wealthy people. they needed some way to keep track of what they owned. they began drawing pictures. they used a reed as a pen. they drew on soft pieces of clay. the soft clay was then dried in the sun. the tablet became a permanent record. later, the sumerian drawings changed into wedge-shaped symbols. this kind of writing is called cuneiform. by putting symbols together, the sumerians could write entire sentences.