Write an informative essay on the Great Chicago Fire. Your essay will use research to explain what caused the fire to burn out of control and to describe the fire's effects and aftermath. Select the following links to read about the fire. Part 1 Part 2 ROUGH DRAFT 100 POINTS P

The Great Chicago Fire was definitely a devastating fire in the history of the United States. There was lots of death, destruction, devastation, and sadness followed in the inferno's wake in 1871. Those who bore witness gawked in horror as something so commonplace in Chicago, a fire, multiplied in size to a hungry beast set on devouring everything in sight.  All of the water that the fire department spurted at the blaze vaporized, and even the Chicago River burst into flames. This catastrophe was something that could have been prevented, but wrecked much of Chicago.

It was such a destructive menace when the Great Fire had to have a cause, and reasons for the disaster date back to months before the fire even started on October 8.  The entire summer in the Chicago area was hot and dry.  When summers are hot and dry, they signify droughts and high temperatures for the autumn.  These are perfect conditions that amplify the combustibility of materials, like wood.  Actually, because Chicago was built on a swamp, and other substances were much too expensive, the entire city was made of chopped trees, including the buildings, sidewalks, and roads.  Miles and miles of dry wood make quite a pile of kindling.  On October 8, a small patch of flames lit up in the barn of the O'Leary's. Urban legend states that a cow knocked over a lit lantern, and some think it was a meteor, but the source of the fire is still unknown to us today.  Citizens from a far distance noticed some signs of flames, one being a man named Mathias Schaffer.  "Schaffer was showing some visitors around the tower when one of them pointed to smoke in the distance. Schaffer glanced at the smoke, but dismissed the sighting. It was just the smoldering embers from the previous night’s fire, he assured them. Nothing to worry about" (Murphy 32).  Not only were commoners confused, but the fire department was exhausted from fighting the previous fire for 16 hours straight. Alarm boxes around the city instructed the firefighters where the blaze was, but many people were too far away to strike the right key, and the firefighters, drowsy, followed orders.  Not only was this a problem, but some Chicagoans refused to strike their alarm boxes, and some boxes just malfunctioned.  The waterworks, made of wood, burned easily, and that cut the supply of water to the fire engines, making them much more ineffective.  Gusty winds spread the fire at too rapid a pace to keep up with.  The inferno could have been stopped by the Chicago River, had it not been polluted and filled with greasy oil, turning it flammable, and allowing the fire to cross.  While the Chicago fire department had a quality system for fighting fires, it only failed because many did not do their part, and the consequences were terrible.

Being the worst fire in the history of fires, the Great Chicago Fire had quite a death toll.  300 people died in pain.  While 300 does not seem like much today, one should remember that this was in 1871, and cities were far less populated.  Only 300,000 people lived in the city of Chicago, so, statistically speaking, 1 in every 1,000 people died in the fiasco.  Because of all of the homes that were turned to ash, 100,000 Chicagoans found themselves homeless.  100,000 out of 300,000 is an entire third of the population stranded without a roof or any of their hard-earned belongings.  Houses were among the 70,000 structures destroyed in the blaze, and it cost the government 200 million dollars to repair.  200 million dollars in 1871 is more than a billion dollars presently.  During the chaos that spread panic across the city, criminal activity, especially theft, thrived.  With the police helping the fire department, and nobody looking after their belongings, robbers could take what they wish without being caught.  After such a devastation, the Chicago City Council realized that it was time for an upgrade.

The most obvious thing to fix after the Great Chicago Fire was the management of the fire fighting system.  Politician Joseph Medill promised to make these changes once he was elected as Mayor, and dutifully carried out his promise to the Chicagoans, who had grown significantly in numbers.  After 9 years, urbanization caused 300,000 to grow to half a million citizens.  There was more room, because construction had begun, and metal skyscrapers were beginning to appear in downtown.  While the transportation and infrastructure had not been harmed, they were improved as well, and Chicago became known as a booming city of economics and transportation.  With all of the repairs, Chicago was able to host the World's Colombian Exposition, and attracted more than 27 million people to the brand new, gleaming Chicago.  Maybe the fire had damaged too much, but it triggered a revolution for the better, and Chicago was a changed city.

Explanation:

When William Lee reached Goll’s drugstore, he was gasping for air and frantic. In a breathless voice, Lee demanded the key to the alarm box that was mounted on the outside of the store. Bruno Goll refused to hand it over, insisting that a fire truck had already passed.

Lee had no time to argue with Goll. He was too concerned about the safety of his family, so he hurried back to them almost immediately. He got there just in time to see the fire taking hold of his neighbor’s shed and fence, while the breeze blew a rain fire on his property. Two things were very clear to Lee: first, despite what Goll had said, no fire engines had arrived, and, second, his house was about to catch fire.

Lee’s wife grabbed the baby and carried him outside, while Lee rounded up a few valuables and some food and put them in a cloth sack. The family fled to a vacant lot a block away where they spent the night watching the fire’s terrible march. Oddly enough, the singed calf that “Peg Leg” Sullivan had helped escape came and stood by the Lees until dawn.

As for Goll, he claimed later at the official inquiry into the fire that he had waited for Lee to leave and then turned in the alarm. Goll also insisted he turned in a second alarm when another man appeared ten minutes later to announce that the fire was spreading rapidly. Whether Goll lied about sending the alarms or whether the alarm box failed to work will never be known. What is clear, is that no alarm was recorded at the central alarm office in the Courthouse at the point when the fire was still containable.

A few minutes after the second man hurried away, Goll took off his apron, carefully extinguished the store’s gaslights, and left, locking the door behind him. Like thousands of other people, he was on his way to De Koven Street to watch the fire.

While this was happening near the fire, more errors were taking place a mile and a half away. Chicago had recently renovated its fire alarm system, making it one of the best in the nation. Each firehouse had a watchman who scanned the immediate neighborhood for flames or smoke during the night. Overlooking the entire city was a watchman in the cupola of the Courthouse, one hundred feet above the ground. If a fire was spotted, an alarm was telegraphed (either from the firehouse or from one of the many alarm boxes situated around town) to the Courthouse; the Courthouse watchman then relayed the location of the blaze to the firehouses nearest to it. For added security, the giant Courthouse bell was also rung. Because of the drought, special Insurance Patrols had been organized and Benjamin Bullwinkle was appointed to head them. These patrols roamed the streets at night, ready to put out small fires with chemical extinguishers and turn in alarms for bigger blazes.

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