Read the following passage from G. K. Chesterton's "The Philosophy of the Schoolroom" and answer the question. (1) What modern people want to be made to understand is simply that all argument begins with an assumption; that is, with something that you do not doubt. (2) You can, of course, if you like, doubt the assumption at the beginning of your argument, but in that case you are beginning a different argument with another assumption at the beginning of it. (3) Every argument begins with an infallible dogma, and that infallible dogma can only be disputed by falling back on some other infallible dogma; you can never prove your first statement or it would not be your first. (4) All this is the alphabet of thinking. (5) And it has this special and positive point about it that it can be taught in a school, like the other alphabet. (6) Not to start an argument without stating your postulates could be taught in philosophy as it is taught in Euclid, in a common schoolroom with a blackboard. (7) And I think it might be taught in some simple and rational degree even to the young, before they go out into the streets and are delivered over entirely to the logic and philosophy of the Daily Mail.

Which of the following sentences, if placed before sentence 1, would best orient the audience and provide an engaging introduction to the topic of the paragraph?

A) All students of discourse and debate need to learn how to argue effectively; they should practice regularly to hone their craft.

B) Argumentation is so abundant in the modern era that we ought to teach even the youngest children about dogma and postulates.

C) Those who study the art of argumentation and debate understand one simple fact: dogma is the enemy of an effective line of reasoning.

D) With arguments bombarding us almost constantly, it is imperative that we understand argumentation and how it works.

What is the impact of the words equally, completeness, and united

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 2, of julius caesar. cassius. to every new protester; if you know that i do fawn on men and hug them hard and after scandal them: or if you know that i profess myself in banqueting to all the rout: then hold me dangerous. [flourish, and shout] which statement best explains why shakespeare has cassius use the word fawn rather than a synonym such as flatter to describe his actions? fawn is more negative, suggesting manipulation of another for personal gain. fawn suggests a physical connection to other men, such as hugging them. fawn is animal imagery suggesting obedience, begging, and affection. fawn is more positive, suggesting that cassius wants to give brutus sound advice.

Excerpt from 100% - the story of a patriot upton sinclair 10 so peter walked along, with his belt drawn tight, and his restless blue eyes wandering here and there, looking for a place to get a meal. there were jobs to be had, but they were hard jobs, and peter wanted an easy one. there are people in this world who live by their muscles, and others who live by their wits; peter belonged to the latter class; and had missed many a meal rather than descend in the social scale. 11 peter looked into the faces of everyone he passed, searching for a possible opening. some returned his glance, but never for more than a second, for they saw an insignificant looking man, undersized, undernourished, and with one shoulder higher than the other, a weak chin and mouth, crooked teeth, and a brown moustache too feeble to hold itself up at the corners. peters' straw hat had many straws missing, his second-hand brown suit was become third-hand, and his shoes were turning over at the sides. in a city where everybody was "hustling," everybody, as they phrased it, "on the make," why should anyone take a second glance at peter gudge? why should anyone care about the restless soul hidden inside him, or dream that peter was, in his own obscure way, a sort of genius? no one did care; no one did dream. 12 it was about two o'clock of an afternoon in july, and the sun beat down upon the streets of american city. there were crowds upon the streets, and peter noticed that everywhere were flags and bunting. once or twice he heard the strains of distant music, and wondered what was "up." peter had not been reading the newspapers; all his attention bad been taken up by the quarrels of the smithers faction and the lunk faction in the first apostolic church, otherwise known as the holy rollers, and great events that had been happening in the world outside were of no concern to him. peter knew vaguely that on the other side of the world half a dozen mighty nations were locked together in a grip of death; the whole earth was shaken with their struggles, and peter had felt a bit of the trembling now and then. but peter did not know that his own country had anything to do with this european quarrel, and did not know that certain great interests throughout the country had set themselves to rouse the public to action. based on the author's characterization of peter in paragraphs 10, 11, and 12, which word best describes him? a) industrious b) loyal c) patriotic d) poor