Read the selection from the science article “Living in the Dark” by Cheryl Bardoe. Then, reread the lines indicated with each question below. Answer each question, citing text evidence. 1.)The author tells how scientists react to evidence that challenges ideas they had long accepted as possibilities.

2.)How have scientists reacted to the discoveries of deep-sea habitats?

3.)What are the major effects of giant whale’s death on ocean life?

4.)Reread lines 87–97. List the cause-and-effect connections in that paragraph. Paraphrase the information in the form of a chart that shows the cause-and-effect chain. Label the first box as “Cause” and complete it with this entry: Water soaks into cracks in Earth’s stretched crust.

Cause
Effect
1.)Water soaks into cracks in Earth’s stretched crust.

2.)

3.)

4.)
1.)

2.)

3.)

4.)