What does "these recommendations" refer to? Choose the words that complete the sentence.

We often think we know all the facts when it comes to
improving our health and preventing illness and disease. Most
physicians and nurses would probably advise exercise and a balanced diet. But research suggests that adding a few doses of laughter to these recommendations could also help you to
be healthier

1 : illness and disease
2 : exercise and a balanced diet
3 : all the facts
4 : most physicians and nurses

the african society basically suffered the consequences of colonization and apartheid directly attacking the black people, first, during the colonialism and its main idea which which "white people" had better rights, affecting   them principally in the right to establish black people in their territories, access to quality education and health services and took away any civil right even to the black people to feel they have the same opportunities as the settlers.

i think the literacy device is "it's frozen head"

what are the statements?