Compensation of employees Net operating surplus
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at factor cost
Other taxes on production
Other subsidies on production
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxation on products
Subsidies on products
Gross domestic product at market prices
Rmilion
2 320 319
1 249 182
676 486
4 245 848
101 936
6492
4 441 292
545 668
12 961
4 873 899
Adapted from South Afncan Reserve Bank Quarterly Bulletin March 2019;
3.11.1 Give ONE example of taxes on products.
3.11.2 What effect does subsidies on production have on GDP at basic prices? (1)
3.11.3 Briefly describe the term consumption of fixed capital.
(2)
3.11.4 Why are taxes added when calculating Gross Domestic Product at market
prices?
(2)
3.11.5 Why does government provide subsidies on products?
(2 x 2) (4)
3.12 Copy the graph below in the ANSWER BOOK. Indicate the new
consumption curve, new equilibrium formed after investment increased by R20
million, and describe the multiplier effect of the increase of investment of R20 million
on the economy.​

Read this passage from alan weisman's "the city without us": he props his running shoe against the whitish bark of a chinese amur cork tree, growing among the last of the hemlocks. "this may sound blasphemous, but maintaining biodiversity is less important than maintaining a functioning ecosystem. what matters is that soil is protected, that water gets cleaned, that trees filter the air, that a canopy regenerates new seedlings to keep nutrients from draining away into the bronx river." now read this passage from jared diamond's "the ends of the world as we know them": both the shoguns and the japanese peasants took a long-term view: the former expected to pass on their power to their children, and the latter expected to pass on their land. . today, despite having the highest human population density of any large developed country, japan is more than 70 percent forested. what common theme of green literature is most strongly evident in both passages? a. in order to thrive in coming centuries, people must find viable alternatives to fossil fuels, such as coal. b. with careful and intelligent management, ecosystems can still thrive after human beings have changed them. c. in order meet their goals, environmentalists must people develop a personal desire to protect nature. d. there is no excuse for damaging the natural world, and anyone who does so will pay a steep price.