Could someone please explain?

what kind of thing do u want us to explain.

i think envision a movement with a powerful central leader. is your answer

hiii I'm sorry for responding really late but I think that it is the first option

hope this helped and was right!!

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).