Scientists continually study water patterns, including the effects of acid rain, and how hurricanes form over oceans near the equator. Write a four to five paragraph informative essay in which you explain how studying water patterns helps scientists improve life for humans. Use evidence from both texts in your response. Story:

∧∅║°∪∩→°How Hurricanes Form°←∩∪°║∅∧

Hurricanes are the largest and most violent storms on Earth. They are large rotating storms with high speeds that form over warm waters. These storms are known as hurricanes in North America and the Caribbean. However, they have different names in other regions. In South East Asia, they are called typhoons. In the Indian Ocean, they are known as cyclones. Hurricane winds move at the speed of at least 74 miles per hour. They can be as wide as 300 miles. But, how are these huge storms formed?

Hurricanes are often compared to engines. Just like engines they need a type of fuel. Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters near the equator. For hurricanes, their fuel is warm, moist air. When hurricanes form, the warm, moist air above the ocean rises upward from close to the surface of the water. Because the warm air rises, it results in less air under the surface of the water. This area with less air is known as an area with low pressure.

Air from areas surrounding this low pressure space pushes in to the area. This fills the low pressure area. The new air in this space becomes warm and moist and also rises. As the air continues to rise, the air surrounding the space swirls in to take its place. This process of air swirling in to replace air that has risen continues. Eventually, the moisture in the air forms clouds.

The wind and the clouds that form create a system. A system is a pattern of weather. The system of clouds and winds continues to spin and grow. The water evaporating from the ocean's warm surface acts as the fuel, which is what helps this spinning and growing. The system rotates faster and faster until the eye of the storm forms in the center area. Ironically, the eye of the storm is the calmest part and it has very low air pressure. The higher pressure above the hurricane continually flows down into the eye.

∨∅║°∪∩→°The Water Cycle°←∩∪°║∅∨

The water cycle is a natural phenomenon. It has implications for all of the living creatures it affects. Water is drawn up into the atmosphere as it evaporates from the ground, rivers, lakes, oceans, flora. and fauna. This water collects in our atmosphere. Then, it gathers together in concentrations that form clouds. Eventually, the clouds become too dense with water. This causes precipitation to begin and fall back down through our atmosphere. It lands on the Earth's surface as rain or snow. This precipitation then travels through the ground, plants, rivers, lakes and oceans. From there, it evaporates back up into the air to begin the cycle again.

Water is restorative in nature. A threat to the natural restorative nature of the water cycle is acid rain. Acid rain is caused by certain gas emissions in our atmosphere. Volcanoes release some of these gases naturally. However, the primary cause of these harmful emissions is human activity and industry. Large factories and gas-powered vehicles send harmful pollutants into the air. As these harmful gases are released into the atmosphere, they are caught in evaporated water molecules, causing acid clouds to form. The gases are also picked up by precipitation that falls from the clouds. The gases mix with the water molecules to form acids, which then fall from the sky as rain or snow. As air pollution continues, acid rain in the water cycle worsens.

Acid rain can poison plants, and be harmful to animals. It is so strong that it slowly breaks down buildings and stone. The acids break down building materials. They can also burn the leaves of plants. Acid rain can even change the chemical make up of soil, making it toxic to plant life. It can also lower the productivity of farms and crop yields. As rivers and lakes become more acidic, acid rain destroys fish and aquatic life. Ocean creatures with exoskeletons are at risk of acidic waters. The acid weakens and dissolves their exoskeleton. There are many harmful effects on the water cycle caused by acid rain.

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∨∅║°∪∩→°The pictures go to the story°←∩∪°║∅∨