How does Shakespeare let you know the tragic ending of the story right at the very begging?

Which words in this excerpt from the count of monte cristo can be used as synonyms to determine the meaning of the word grotto? dant? s entered the second grotto. the second grotto was lower and more gloomy than the first; the air that could only enter by the newly formed opening had the mephitic smell dant? s was surprised not to find in the outer cavern. he waited in order to allow pure air to displace the foul atmosphere, and then went on. 1. air 2. opening 3. mephitic 4. cavern 5. pure 6. atmosphere

In this excerpt from act 1 scene v of macbeth what does lady macbeth imply about macbeth

Compare and contrast the transformation of arachne with that of pallas and explain how this transformation reveals a theme in the story. use evidence from the story to support your answer.