Which of the following is always true?

You suspect that this article has left out some facts that might lead the reader to believe that someone else made the star-spangled banner. what is the best way to verify this? by consulting a variety of sources by disregarding the article entirely by writing a letter to the editor of the publication that printed the article by reading various historical accounts by verifying the opinions

Based on this excerpt, charlotte smith and reverend walsh

Which of these phrases is an example of understatement?