Explain about Substitution and modulation​

Read these excerpts. lincoln's "gettysburg address." it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. whitman's "o captain! my captain! ". exult, o shores, and ring, o bells! but i, with mournful tread, walk the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead. which rhetorical appeal do both excerpts use? logos: the use of logic to convince the audience pathos: the use of emotional appeals to affect the audience’s feelings brevity: writing or speaking that is short, brief, and to the point ethos: the use of authority to persuade the audience to act the right way

What is the effect of the haiku structure on this poem?   how does the line structure describe the subject(s)?   and how does a haiku compare to a rhyming and longer poem in terms of its effect on you as a reader?

Which statement explains why elie wiesel most likely wrote all rivers run to the sea as a memoir