Only answer if 100%
which sentence contains an essential relative clause?
the dog, whom i adore, jumped the highest.
the dog, which jumped the highest, won the medal.
the medal, which looked like a bone, was won by the dog.
the dog that jumped the highest won the medal.

D). The dog that jumped the highest won the medal.

Explanation:

Relative clause is described as the clauses that is introduced usually with a 'relative pronoun' and comprises of a subject along with a verb but dependent to accomplish its meaning. These clauses primarily function as 'adjective clause' that function to modify the noun by providing descriptions about it.

in the given question, option D exemplify the correct use of an essential relative clause due to the use of 'that'. The removal of 'that' would considerably affect the meaning of the sentence as it would break the continuity as well as the impact of the sentence. While the removal of 'which and whom' would not be able to affect the meaning that impactfully in other options. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

a conclusion based on evidence is an example of a. inference