Anne frank details and figurative language

"but, no fear- it was out the question-the patient flung her arms and legs about wildly in all directions until at one point dussel let go of the scraper- that remained stuch in mrs. van daan's tooth"

Throughout the giver, author lois lowry renames many everyday terms. eleven-year-olds are "elevens," babies are "newchildren," stuffed animals are "comfort objects," and families are called "family units." what is the purpose of these alternate labels? what effect do they have on the story?