24 pooonnnsss
read this passage from "lifeboat ethics" by garrett hardin:

the harsh ethics of the lifeboat become even harsher when we consider the reproductive differences between the rich nations and poor nations.
which statement best describes hardin's use of rhetorical appeals?
a. by admitting that elements of his argument are "harsh," hardin uses an ethical appeal to make himself seem more trustworthy.
b. by mentioning "reproductive differences," hardin uses an emotional appeal to make the audience feel bad for poorer nations.
c. by describing the differences between rich and poor nations, hardin uses a logical appeal to make the audience trust his statistics.
d. by continuing the "lifeboat" metaphor, hardin uses an ethical appeal to show that he has done a lot of research for his essay.

A. By admitting that elements of his argument are "harsh," Hardin uses an ethical appeal to make himself seem more trustworthy.

Explanation:

This is the statement that best describes Hardin's use of rhetorical appeals. In this excerpt, Hardin tells us that the things he is suggesting are harsh, and that they can become even harsher. This statement allows the reader to realize that Hardin is a trustworthy character, as he can objectively see the characteristics and the impact that his proposal has.

the answer is c, because they are being narrated.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).