1. before cell phones, people relied almost completely on land lines for business and personal communication.
2. now, people can check the stock market or call home while waiting in line at the market.
3. cellular phones have transformed telecommunication.
4. who knows, in the future, land line telephones may disappear altogether.
read the sentences and determine the most logical order for the numbered sentences.

3. Cellular phones have transformed telecommunication.

1. Before cell phones, people relied almost completely on land lines for business and personal communication.

2. Now, people can check the stock market or call home while waiting in line at the market.

4. Who knows, in the future, land line telephones may disappear altogether.

Explanation:

This is the most logical order for these sentences. Sentence 3 should be the opening sentence because it is the one that introduces the main topic of the paragraph. Sentence 1 follows, because it introduces the background information. Sentence 2 develops from this background and introduces the description of how things are now. Finally, sentence 4 provides a prediction and concludes the paragraph.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

a complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.  

to write complex sentences, we must use subordinating conjunctions.  

all the complex sentences begin with a subordinating conjunction and when it occurs, a comma must be place at the end of the dependent clause. on the contrary, if the sentence begins with an independent clause, then no comma is used.

after  

although  

as  

because  

before  

if  

since  

when  

for example,  

after she won the competition, she became very popular.  

although my father was hurt, he continued fighting for his rights.  

as all of you got a ten, you will be able to leave early today.  

before he went to the war, he asked his parents to bless him.  

if it is cold, i won’t go out.  

since you didn’t bring the homework, you will get low grades.  

when it is hot in the town, everyone goes to the beach.