Something that challenges the expectations of a reader by creating a contradiction between reality and appearance is called
a. stanza structure
b. a stanza
c. a poem
d. irony

I believe it is Irony so it would be answer D.

Allusion and illusion. an allusion is an indirect reference, whereas an illusion is something that is unreal or incorrect. each of the nouns has a related verb form: allude “to refer indirectly to,” and illude (not a very common word), which may mean “to delude or deceive” or “to subject to an illusion.”