Excerpt from act i, scene 1, in hamlet by william shakespeare

in this excerpt, three soldiers discuss their sighting of the dead king's ghost.

horatio
stay! speak, speak! i charge thee, speak!

[exit ghost.]

marcellus
'tis gone, and will not answer.

bernardo
how now, horatio! you tremble and look pale:
is not this something more than fantasy?
what think you on't?

horatio
before my god, i might not this believe
without the sensible and true avouch
of mine own eyes.

what is the most likely meaning of the word avouch in this scene?

a. truth

b. story

c. right

d. question

truth.

Explanation:

The word "avouch" is an old-fashioned word, which means "truth".

In Act 1, Scene 1, two Bernardo, an officer and Marcellus, a watchmen, asks Horatio, a friend of Prince Hamlet, to stand guard with them that night because they have seen the apparition and they want to show him too. But Horatio, do not belie them until he sees that apparition with his very own eyes. In the excerpt the ghost that appears to all three men was the apparition of the deceased King of Denmark.

When, Horatio saw the ghost with his own eyes he believed that it is the ghost of the deceased king. And states:

"Before my God, I might not this believe

Without the sensible and true avouch

Of mine own eyes."

meaning, Horatio would not have believed this (swearing to God), if he truly and sensibly (in his senses) had seen the ghost with his own eyes.

d should be removed as it shows bias

"character is what you are in the dark." dwight lyman moody, in this very witty quotation of his, states we act and think differently when we are "in the dark", that is, when the spotlight is not on us and everyone can see us and consequently judge us. when reading, we tend to be sympathetic to some characters and their dilemmas. by being so, we are saying to ourselves that we agree with those characters' acts and choices, even if they are morally questionable if we have common sense in mind. dwight lyman moody's quotation applies very well to "crime and punishment", by   19th century russian writer fiodor dostoyevsky. raskolnikov, the main character, a former law student who spends his days reflecting upon life and its misery, draws a fatal conclusion: mankind is divided in two main categories: ordinary and extraordinary people. the first are the ones who lead a run-of-the-mill existence and are full of imperfections; the latter are the ones who are spiritually superior, the ones who always know better, and have the right to judge the ordinary ones, as well as eliminate them if for common good. raskolnikov considers himself as belonging to the extraordinary category and decides to kill an old lady who is a money lender and in whose house he rents a small room. raskolnikov compares himself to napoleon, who had the undeniable right to execute tons of people during the war in order to save his nation. of course what the main character decides to do is a horrendous crime, but as readers we feel it is the right thing for him to do, since the victim is a mean old woman who only thinks about money and keeps humiliating her younger sister. what one experiences is a mixture of sympathy and empathy for the character, even though he decides to commit homicide, which is not at all accepted or tolerated by civilized citizens. however, since readers are "in the dark", they allow themselves to feel in ways they would probably never dare to confess to anyone, no matter how nasty or vicious a character can be. after all, they are just reading and doing no harm. in other words, readers are in the dark and can be who they are without being judged.