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at the start of act ii, scene 2, lady macbeth is worriedly wondering about the murder of duncan without knowing when or if her husband has committed it. how does shakespeare’s decision to depict lady macbeth in this way affect the play?

1.) by having lady macbeth not participate in the murder, shakespeare shows her to be a coward whose inability to take action will later doom her husband.

2.) by depicting the disconnect between lady macbeth and her husband at this key moment, shakespeare introduces an important conflict within the play.

3.) by showing her uncertainty and her fear, shakespeare makes lady macbeth a more complex and layered character while also raising the tension in the play.

4.) by having lady macbeth on stage alone at this moment, shakespeare slows the pace of the play, making audiences and readers rethink their sympathies for her.

Which sentence in this excerpt from leo tolstoy’s the death of ivan ilyich shows the human tendency to contemplate one’s past life? "but if that is so," he said to himself, "and i am leaving this life with the consciousness that i have lost all that was given me and it is impossible to rectify it—what then? " he lay on his back and began to pass his life in review in quite a new way. in the morning when he saw first his footman, then his wife, then his daughter, and then the doctor, their every word and movement confirmed to him the awful truth that had been revealed to him during the night. in them he saw himself—all that for which he had lived—and saw clearly that it was not real at all, but a terrible and huge deception which had hidden both life and death. this consciousness intensified his physical suffering tenfold. he groaned and tossed about, and pulled at his clothing which choked and stifled him. and he hated them on that account. he was given a large dose of opium and became unconscious, but at noon his sufferings began again. he drove everybody away and tossed from side to side. his wife came to him and said: "jean, my dear, do this for me. it can't do any harm and often . healthy people often do it." he opened his eyes wide. "what? take communion? why? it's unnecessary! " she began to cry. "yes, do, my dear. i'll send for our priest. he is such a nice man." "all right. very well," he muttered. when the priest came and heard his confession, ivan ilyich was softened and seemed to feel a relief from his doubts and consequently from his sufferings, and for a moment there came a ray of hope. he again began to think of the vermiform appendix and the possibility of correcting it. he received the sacrament with tears in his eyes.