What statement best explains the cause and effect structure of the excerpt? as hall sensed that the telegram would increase public outrage, the americans joined the war against germany. when the british home secretary took the telegram to washington, d. c., president wilson was stunned by the message. while the americans declared war on germany, the contents of the message were published on the front pages of the newspapers. after the contents of the telegram were published on the front page of american newspapers, the us declared war on germany.

The correct answer is D.

In this sentence we can clearly see that the publishing of the telegrams in the front pages of the American newspapers was the cause for the United States to finally declare war on Germany.

1. the relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent- reference

reference refers to the relationship between mainly pronoun and another unit of grammar- noun phrase or noun.

2. a singular noun naming a collection or group- collective noun.

collective noun refers to the kind of noun which refer to the name of people, thing or anything in collective. for instance bundle of sticks, herein 'bundle' is collective noun.  

3. a modifying clause whose subject and/or verb is implied- elliptical clause

it is a clause in which words are being left out. on the other hand, the missing word is understood due to the logic or pattern of the sentence.  

4. two or more nouns and/or pronouns serving the same grammatical function and followed by a pronoun that references one or all nouns- compound antecedent

compound antecedent refers to which is made up of two or more words which are joined by 'or' or 'and.'

5. an adjective clause introduced by a pronoun- relative clause.

relative clauses are the clauses which begin with the relative pronouns such as when, where, which, that or who. the noun that precedes, relative pronouns identify or define that noun.  

6. the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers- antecedent.

antecedents refers to the phrases, clauses or words which are replaced with one of the third personal pronouns.